Determinants of Hedging FX risk Survey of EU - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3670 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Hedging as defined by Judge (2006) is all tools and techniques used to Minimise Risk, these tools and techniques include use of Derivatives like Swaps, Forwards Contracts, Asset Liability Match and etc. Further Hedging can be considered to be similar to Medicine i.e. shall be used with the purpose to minimise risk however it was found that there can be different possible use of Hedging Currency risk as found in Graham and Rogers (2002) that one of the different use of Hedging can be to escape Tax, the working behind that was explained that Hedging Risk via raising debt will reduce the Tax and will improve the Debt capacity along with the Firm Value. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Determinants of Hedging FX risk Survey of EU" essay for you Create order Also to note that Smith (1995) found that some part of Corporate Hedging include Hedging with a motive to earn profit and not to minimise risk. 1.2 Background : Recent currency Appreciations and then the Depreciation resultant of The Greece scare of the government being insolvent did cause a lot of instability to the currency market as far as the Euro is concerned. The automobile industry in the world has most EU country producers, Germany being one of the biggest producers as it had producers like Daimler, Mercedes, BMW and Porsche and Italy has Ferrari, Jaguar from England and many more. This companies sell all over the world, hence this exposes them to a foreign currency risk which in turn might want the companies to minimise these risks as well. (Yahoo! Finance Graph) Taking into consideration the US Dollar which is the worlds most traded currency against Euro. The above graph suggest that the Euro was stronger against the USD as the result of huge amount of cars being imported in USA, further the current contagion effect of the Greece government the Euro has fallen and has affect some of these companies. As reported by Reed, J. (2007) that the weakening of USD has hurt the giant car manufacturer which meant that Appreciation as seen in the graph initially did hurt the BMW and so will to many more similar companies. This means that a appreciating currency company when sales its product in a country where the currency is depreciating the company will suffer lose of lower profits. Hence comparison found in the report to a similar producer i.e. Daimler that reported return on sales was 9.5 % compare to BMW 5.4 % CONTINUE. Now there are a number of ways a firm can save the losses caused by currency movements, some of them are use of Forwards, Swaps an d etc Derivatives another option is that to create a natural hedge i.e. to create an Asset Liability match as explained by Judge (2006). Some firms which have huge demand and can afford a production unit like BMW can make a production unit in Free trade Zone with in the allowed parts of Mexico near USA and then reduce the cost and hence eliminate risk. Further as suggested by Judge (2006) that while findings determinants of Hedging the past literature explains quite a bit however the answer still remains a Mystery , similarly it was found in Rogers and Graham (2002) they said in reference to the research that Hedging depends on the industry and market drivers however for Auto mobile car industry there has been no ideal method to deal with foreign exchange exposure. 1.3 Research Question : To see if there is any significant effect of currency appreciation or depreciation on the Auto Mobile car Industry in EU. In the case of Significant effect how does the company Hedge i.e. does the company outsource its production in-order to reduce or eliminate the effect of currency meaning a natural hedge or a company uses derivatives. The most important objective is to see that if there is any ideal solution that is being used in within the industry. 1.4 Hypothesis : All the hypothesis will be tested step by step, this means that H1 will be tested first and then H2 and so on. The alternative hypothesis is simply the other possible thing for instance for H1 the alternative Hypothesis i.e. HA will be Currency change has no effect on the companies in the Auto Mobile Car Industry. H1 : Currency changes has an effect on the companies in Auto Mobile Car Industry H2 : The companies do Hedge H3 : The companies do a nature Hedge i.e. an Asset Liability match H4 : The companies Hedges with the help of Derivatives 1.5 Research Aims and Objectives : Aims : One of the main aim of the research is to learn what is the general idea if any within the Automobile car Industry, however if in case of a common practice what shall be the rationale of the common practice is an important question. Further if there are no similar practices the rationale of different practices is at core importance of the study. Objectives : The first and the most important task is to review the list of similar researches done in the past, then comes the plan of an ideal analysis technique to be used taking into consideration the data availability / requirement. After the technique has been decided the required data will be collected and analysed, here there can be problems like Unbalanced Data problem as found in Judge (2002a). The problem with unbalanced data is that data for some type is missing hence shall be removed or be balanced in order to finish the analysis. And to end with after overcoming the problem of unbalanced data the analysed data will be interrelated and interpret in the authors own view and ideas. 1.6 Literature Review : Starting from Bua et al. (2009) explained currency hedging in relation to cost concept, the main aim of the research was to explain the cost concept that is conflicting with the returns on hedging however the main aim or rationale of hedging is to minimise risk but the research revolves around two other reasons of hedging i.e. Value creation and other reasons like being risk averse, or using hedging as the last resort of reducing the risk. Further the paper then goes on to explain the evidence on Hedging from Auto mobile car Industry in US and Europe. It was found out of 273 companies examined that had foreign exchange exposure, those were specifically Auto mobile car companies i.e. car makers or the engine makers or luxury interior designing firms for luxury cars, the data used was to know if the companies did hedge and if they did what was the method. The way of analysis i.e. the methodology used was a multiple factor regression the factors included Capital structure, nominal value s of the derivatives, sales (foreign and domestic), and etc. The findings of the result were further supported with a significance test to confirm if the results were meaningful. Finally the conclusion of the report was into two parts the first part of the conclusion was found that cost of hedging has a significant effect on value creation i.e. as per the theory as the cost of hedging increases the profits from the same will reduce however this will give rise to value creation if the hedge is a nature hedge i.e. an assets liability match. Hence it was concluded that an asset liability match is a better way to hedge if the company has a significant amount of sales in foreign and does report to historical price standard for the annual reports, further the other half i.e. the important half explained that for Auto mobile car Industry it was found that companies with significant car sales for instance Jaguar, BMW, Mercedes and etc were found to be using swaps for smaller hedges and for bigger hedges the most profitable i.e. the most viable option was an Asset liability match followed by forward contracts to report in the home currency. An interesting bit noted in the research was that there was no clear explanation of a rule of thumb to hedge for Auto mobile car companies and was concluded that the research still leaves A lot of work to be done yet. Further in a similar research by Judge (2006) was about what determines the hedging of foreign currency hedging by non financial firms in within the UK. The author argues that there is a relationship between Financial distress costs like interest on shares and debentures over the hedging decision i.e. totally related to Asset Liability match. It was also found that the findings were also significant with the US data that was analysed and concluded in different studies but the author argues that this might be a biased result as the data collection explained internet only and derivatives hedgers and nothing else i.e. a n arrow or result tied to a specific hedgers. Further the author explained that determining the factors leading to Hedging can include factors like Hedging for Tax Incentives, Cost of Financial Distress as found in Bua et al. (2009) alongside Graham and Rogers (2002). Further the determinants or the factors determining Hedging included Under investment costs i.e. in case of a companys globally recognised will have a better effect on a investor then a domestic company, another and one of the most logical and important factor to be considered was the amount of foreign exposure i.e. the amount of sales or the amount of cash flow generated from foreign country. Talking about the sample that was of 500 and 441 were non financial companies as on December 1995 but only 412 firms were selected to analysed i.e. for the analysis. The author used Multivariate Regression Analysis to test the data as it can include a number of variables that can be considered. Further the conclusion found was tha t there is a strong significant relationship between foreign currency hedging and financial distress costs like debenture interests and etc. Further another factors to be considered is a foreign debt, as found in Judge (2002) that about most of studies that were taken into consideration particularly in relation to the use of foreign debt found that use of foreign debt is now getting on to be a very good option for counties that have cash flow from the same foreign country, the hedge works in a way that the cash flow is settled against the distress cost arise in the country by raising the debt. This will create a hedge with number of advances i.e. increase the firm value as explained in Judge (2002) and Bua et al. (2009) reduce the distress cost hence by offsetting it against the cash flow and the most important one will be there will be no foreign exchange risk to the cash flow as it will then be settled in within. Further banks considered to be an institution that does hedging for different companies i.e. that is what banks are meant to be for, a research by Sinkey and Carter (1994) tried to explain the use of derivatives and hedging activities by Banks in within the United States the rationale was explained that banks do both deal and use it for hedging as well. The preposition of dealing with derivatives and using the same for hedging are not always the same with every bank some banks can do it and some cannot hence it was found that out of 11000 banks only 600 did both together. For banks out of the sample of 600 , the analysis were done using multiple regression similar to the above researches i.e. Judge (2002) , Bua et al. (2009) and Graham and Rogers (2002) as well. The conclusion of the research however was that there is a correlation between banks having weaker capital structure and hedging, low margin of profits and deteriorating asset management further it was found that with banks the determinants for hedging were not only for risk management howev er profit motive was considered to be an extra measure of hedging. To so sum up almost every research reviewed it was found that hedging is meant for risk management however it shall be noted that not many hedge funds manage to earn profit or super normal profit and the reason to that can be that they are not meant for profit. The ideal hedging mainly found are an asset liability match and raising foreign debt is considered to be a good example of hedging for companies with health amount of foreign operations. The determinants found were significant amount of sales in foreign country or currency, a widely operating company i.e. operations in different country, and etc. 1.7 Rationale of Research : Personal Reason : I am very much interested in Foreign currency Exchange literature, recent fluctuations in the currency market has made me keen about many factors that affect the movement of currency and one of them is import and export. Being a student I can explore a area of FX markets and determine the factors of hedging. Further the Automobile industry in EU is the biggest and best in the world which made me passionate about the research. Academic Reason : Being a student I am very keen to learn about FX market and to explore new areas of Hedging as well and for that this research will be perfect for me. 1.8 Reflection : The reflection of the research is that all the empirical research will be carried out with a greater care that is does not provide biased results. The ethical implication however that is there is no use of primary data hence it can be assumed that there is no problem. Further all the data that can be analysed are from different data source i.e. companies own annual report. 1.9 Scope : The scope of the study is for Hedging the Foreign risk that is limited to Auto mobile car industry in The European union. Further taking other factors into consideration it was found that if in case of a narrow model being formed it can be criticised in number of ways i.e. selection of model and selection of the different processes. 1.10 Action Plan : The main rationale of the research is to clear he fume that has been around the research literature reviewed and it was found that all the research has concluded that the research stays a bit handicap hence to conclude on the part of what can be a better way of hedging for auto mobile car industry in Europe. There are a number of things to be considered is the data availability i.e. in some cases companies report throughout a number of years and some times the reporting standard keeps on changing hence it is to be considered that an unbalanced data will be taken into consideration but care will be taken that it does not create any biases. Date Target 18th February, 2011 Introduction 25th February, 2011 Literature review 15th March, 2011 Data collection 23th March, 2011 Data Analysis 28th March, 2011 Data interpretation 15th March, 2011 Conclusion The tasks will be kept on till the research is finished, the first task will be to review the literature i.e. similar in terms of topic or similar in terms of Method this shall be done by 25th February, 2011., the second step will be data collection which shall be finished by the 15th of March, 2011., then taking into consideration full data support the analysis will be carried out and the interpretation will be done by 28th of March, 2011., and to end with the conclusion and finishing up activities will be done by 15th of April, 2011. 1.11 Ethical consideration : All the work presented will be original hence the code of ethics will be taken into strict consideration, all the work that has been used from other articles or resources have been marked and referenced properly. 1.12 Methodology : Taking into consideration number of surveys i.e. Literature review into consideration it was found that under most cases it was found that Multiple regression was considered to be the finest method to conclude, the justification found was that authors thought that a multiple regression model can include a different variety of factors also it is possible to include a dummy which is quiet possible in the current analysis to differentiate the different types of companies i.e. to narrow down the selection. Further all the regression analysis will be backed by a significance test as found in Judge (2002) and Graham and Rogers (2002). 1.13 Research Design : The data to be used in the analysis is purely secondary data. The data will be collected from the official site of a company or the annual reports, with annual reports it is clear that the report is published under high audit programmes. Under collection of the secondary data the only possible problem is that the data turns out to be an unbalanced data and balancing data may create biasedness however care will be taken so that the data is not wasted. 1.14 Analysis and Discussion : The collection of data will start with collection of annual reports i.e. Secondary audited data will be used, the data will then be extracted out of the annual reports like if the companies hedge, type of capital structure, derivatives used by them and etc. The analysis of this data will be done after refining the data i.e. converting the data t a value that will be similar for all the companies hence to do the analysis is easy. However care will be taken that in this process the data do not turn biased or are not manipulated in order to get a desired result. The analysis will be done using a statistical software called Stata 11 .0 v. The software will give out a result that can be used and understood by researchers under most cases hence the data so analysis via Stata 11 .0 v will be presented in a simple table format and interpreted in a manner that it is easy even for the layman to understand the interpretation and the analysis. Finally the methodology so used is a multi regression analysis; the regression will include those variables that have been significant in the past research hence to get a better result. There can be two critical part in the analysis the first part can be explained as a technical part as it is a Panel data analysis there are a number of statistical problem with the data that cannot be ignored however if this problems are then taken into account the problem with them is the analysis will be too long to conclude also then the analysis will be more technical then it will be less related to the main topic of Hedging in the automobile industry. The second part is related to the topic as it is a topic related to Hedging the topic has been narrowed to Auto mobile with the rationale that the research produces a fair and industry specific analysis. However this narrow bit can be considered to be critical, as the analysis will be down to only on industry or sector. 1.15 Implementation of Research project : The research method involves some procedures to be followed as seen in the past research however care will be taken that the research follows as missing a part of the procedure can be a critical problem. With hypothesis testing and research question the above method will be followed i.e. taken from researches taken into literature review however to specify the applicability or the validity and reliability will be tested by a statistical method called Test Statistics which will be found by a formula and will be compared to table value of the frequency that follows a T distribution. 1.16 Research Evaluation : The success of the research on the basis of the data gathered and rest on the availability, the thing with the data is that because all the companies have different reporting techniques it is hard to find the required data, also to note some companies will be French, Italian, German and etc, this companies will mostly report in their national language hence sometimes this companies make the English version of the annual report available however if the annual report is unavailable in English the company then has to be ignored in the research and if the problem is similar with more number of companies the analysis may suffer as the sample then get reduced and might produced a biased or narrow result assuming that the companies ignored will not make much difference. Reliability of the research is depend on the supervisors signature i.e. the research will be supervised by a expert in the field hence this will enable the research to be signed by an authenticated person who knows more about the field then the researcher. However the supervisor will have to keep an eye that the research is not manipulated. The advantage of the research will be to 3 types of people, firstly the advantage will be to these companies examined as the result will then suggest them and evaluate the their own strategies. The second advantage will be to the government, this will suggest to the government that how auto mobile companies hedge, because hedging itself contains risk the government has to keep an eye as a watch dog that the companies are not misusing the method of hedging hence the government after looking at the research can know if the market is safe i.e. the share holders are safe or not and this will give rise to any change that has to be done or not. Further the third advantage of the research will be to foreign exchange traders to derive the current market flow of hedging, hence if there are news about the auto mobile industry the foreign exchange traders then know how the markets shall react and hence this research and its findings will help them decide how to trade. 1.17 Conclusion : Finally it can be concluded that taking into consideration the clarity of thoughts, ideas and data collection technique the research can be completed with in the given period of time or the time frame designed, however certain barriers may obstruct the way but then depending upton the barrier the problems will be solved and taken further.

Our Earth Getting Polluted By Landfills - 1368 Words

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Leadership Approach Paper Ldr 531 Free Essays

Abstract Leadership is an approach taken to guide a significant large group to follow the desired objective of the leader. This paper will explain a leadership approach that has an effect within the organizations today. In addition, explain the strengths and weaknesses of the trait leadership approach. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Approach Paper Ldr 531 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Leadership Approach Dealing with a competitive and diverse global market in today’s society requires a robust Leader. An organization’s success depends on the strength of its leader. The writer will explain trait approach, one of the major approaches to studying leadership. Trait Leadership Approach Leadership comes natural to some people, as if they were born to be leaders. According to Yukl (2010), early leadership theories attributed managerial success to extraordinary abilities such as tiredness energy, penetrating intuition, uncanny foresight, and persuasive powers. This research failed due to futile research. Since then leadership values effectively been identified and trait approach examines leader values that are relevant for explaining ethical leadership. Strengths and Weakness The main strength of the trait approach is that it relies only on attributes that can be identified and with proper research dictate a leader’s effectiveness. This trait approach examines values of a leader relevant for explaining ethical leadership. The main weakness of the trait approach is to assume that one’s attributes simply determine their strength in leadership. One may have the identifiers of a true leader and fail to have the intelligence or character to implement success. The trait approach requires extensive research measuring the correlation between individual leadership attributes and the criteria of a successful leader. Example of Trait Approach An example of trait approach would be an organization hiring for a specific job position and during the interview choosing attributes that identify this particular person as a leader. Conclusion To conclude, a successful leader has great astuteness and knowledge in what approach needed to guide a populace in achievement of the leaders objective. Effective leadership requires understanding of influence process and power. A successful leader ethically influences others to achieve the common goals of an organization. Throughout the times of history leadership has been defines in many ways with several approached. However, the common denominator of an effective leader is success. References Yukl, G. (2010). Leadership in organizations. (7th Ed. ) Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education How to cite Leadership Approach Paper Ldr 531, Papers

Domestic Violence against Women-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write an Article on Journal of Emotional Abuse. Answer: The purpose of the article is to present the miserable condition of the women in Israel in terms of the domestic violence. The article is based on ethical and legal considerations of the healthcare staffs while screening the victimized women from the domestic violence. The article is an argumentative one as this presents the ethical and moral dilemma of the healthcare staffs between the raising the voice and valuing the individual autonomy and the safety of the patient who has been subjected tub the victims of the domestic violence. Therefore, the article aims to highlight the screening of the domestic violence in regards to the ethical dilemma. The article presents several facts that are relevant to the purpose of the article. It is found at the very beginning of the article that the domestic violence is one of the most common matters in the society. Along with this, the domestic violence is one of the burning and common issues in Israel. It is found that the one in the seven women have been victimized of their intimate partners or their husbands at least once in their lifetime. It is common to be abused once in a week or once in a month. Ben Natan et al. (2014) opined that Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs published that 20,000 files were opened in 2008 that were reported for violent offenses between spouses. However, the numbers of the reports on the domestic violence has never been decreased, and rather it has been raised at 4% from 2007 (Ben-Natan, 2014, pp. 809). The article discuses the context of the battered women as they are assaulted by their intimate partner repeatedly both in the form of emotional and physical. However, the assault most of the time had taken the form of beating, slapping, nonconsensual sexual relations. The article presents the data that one woman is abused by her intimate partner every 9 seconds (Ben-Natan, 2014, pp. 809). On the other hand, the article presents the legal perspectives of the domestic violence on the women. It is found from the article that the only minimal percent of the cases are reported regarding the domestic violence, whereas every one woman is been abused once in a day. The author states that it is not true that the nation does not have proper law for protecting the women from the domestic violence, but it is the society that is projecting the matter of the domestic violence as a common matter. Therefore, the e women do not always report the abusive behavior that they have been getting from their intimate partners. The legal perspective of the nation does not definitely promote the domestic violence, but there are some laws which are pulling behind the women to report the matter of victimization. The general laws state that if the healthcare authority finds any person injured or unconscious or dead, the authority can report to the welfare officer or to the police in terms of the suspicion about the cause being the domestic violence (Ben-Natan, 2014, 810). However, this regulation is also applicable for the healthcare staffs and the doctors. Therefore, it is evident there is no obligation for anyone to report agonist his/her intimate partners if they are committing any domestic violence. However, the article presents the fact that the reporting against the intimate partners to the police can cause the women to bear more abuse. The article presents the ethical dilemma of the healthcare professionals in terms of repotting the physical abuse of the women. The healthcare professionals suffer from the dilemma between the safety of the patients and the respect the autonomy of the patients (Ben-Natan, 2014, 812). The article states that the women who are the victim of the domestic violence suffers from the curtailed autonomy and possess poor decision making ability. The research on the victimization of the women from the domestic violence refers to the fact that it is the victims who often deny reporting the abuse to the police. The victims are completely dependent on their partners and this co dependent relationship is the reason for these women to possess poor ability in decision making (Alaggia Vine, 2013). The article highlights that these women feel obliged to stay with their violent and abusive spouses as the result of their concern for their children. The women also fear that if they or the health care pr ofessionals report to the police about their spouses for being violent and abusive at them, they with their children will be left with no home and income (Ben-Natan, 2014, pp. 812). As the result of this fear, when questioned by the healthcare professionals about the injury, their self confidence is threatened. They feel that answering these questions can endanger their lives and therefore, they feel abused by the healthcare professionals. This situation leads the healthcare professionals to suffer from a ethical and moral dilemma for they fear that the abused women can deny of being abused and as the result of that the care professionals may be penalized (Alaggia Vine, 2013). It must be noted that the violence over the women of Israel was not an unusual matter and therefore the most of the women do not lodge any report against their spouses or the initiate partners. The article presents the data on the reporting of the women for being tortured, which shows that 7.3% women self support the domestic violence compared to the all women who are being victimized daily (Ben-Natan, 2014, pp. 813). At the same time, there are very low percentage of women who discuss their helpless plight and the miserable situation due to the domestic violence with the healthcare professionals or the doctors. The remaining victimized women are more in numbers and do not like to be questioned by the healthcare workers regarding the domestic violence. However, it is important to remember and understand that the identification of the abused women is important in order to provide them proper medication and mark the rate of violence in the nation. In addition, the identification is als o needed for the health assessment because there are many women who are subjected to abuse during their pregnancy. As the result of the abuse during this delicate time, these women face severe and sensitive health issues. Apart from the impact of the violence on the physical health of the women, the mental of them is also disrupted by the same. It is noteworthy that the relationship of the women with their intimate partners or the spouses is based on fear and uncertainty. The nature of the women becomes submissive. In addition, they also suffer from the mental illness. This is another reason that strengthens the need for the medical help for the women. The medical professionals are subjected to provide proper and mandatory screening to the women who are the victims of the domestic violence. However, this must be mentioned that the process of screening is only meant for the women and not for the men. This is obviously a contradictory regulation by the government of Israel which is further capable of creating the ethical dilemma within the healthcare professionals. Therefore, from the discussed discourse it is assured that the women in Israel, are the victims of the domestic violence and this issue despite of being the major importance is hidden. The initial part of the analysis of the article shows the numeric data of the violence and the report of the same to the police. On the other hand, the discourse also marks that the rate of abuse is increasing and every other women is victimized once in a day. Although, there are several laws that protect the women from being abused, but the fear of losing the identity is resulting them to not report the violence they are encountering by their intimate partners. On the other hand, driven by the fear of losing the identity and the support from the family, the behavior and the reaction of the women change when they are questioned by the healthcare professionals about the reason of their injury (Alaggia Vine, 2013). This denial of the victimized women further becomes a threat to the healthcare profession als that pulls them back from reporting to the police against the violence and abuse. This can be assumed from the above discourse that the victimization of the women in Israel is not reported due to the fear of the women for losing their identity as well as the family support. The article provides the fact that the urban areas of Israel have not yet accepted and implemented the governmental laws on the protection of the women from the domestic violence (Ben-Natan, 2014). It is found that the basic purpose of the women is to provide happiness to their spouses irrespective of their abusive nature. Along with this, these women perceive the any questions about their domestic violence as offensive and unethical, since they are afraid of their domestic secret to be out in public (Alaggia Vine, 2013). Apart from the this general reaction of the victimized women, the fact is also clear from the article that the women being driven by the fear of the abuse are obsessed with following the assaulters wishes. The victims become obsessed and accustomed with the violence that they think it is normal to bear the abusive behavior of their spouses. Therefore, they when asked about the domestic violence become aggressive towards the healthcare professionals as they fear that if the brutal secret of the violence is out they might face severe consequences from their spouse or intimate partners. Even if there is any wish or desire or the urge within the women to express the feelings and the pain that they are getting from their spouses, they suppresses it. Overall, the personality and the desire of the victimized women are suppressed due to the fear of being abused more severely and they tend to adopt the pattern of behavior that is devoted towards the happiness of their spouses (Alaggia Vine, 2013). As the result to this, the healthcare professionals are unable to report against the However, the article is basically focused on the healthcare professionals and their ethical dilemma on the matter of the domestic violence and necessity to report the same. The author throughout the article presents the legal statement of the government regarding the domestic violence and what the healthcare professionals do in a situation where the women is the victim of the domestic violence. However, the point of educating the society is completely missed out in the article. This point can be questioned by the scholars that whether it is enough to the make the healthcare professionals and the women aware of the domestic violence and the need to report the same. It has been taken for granted in the article that the domestic violence is common and natural by the intimate partners of the women. However, the article repeatedly emphasizes upon the necessity to report the violence to the police, but it has not been mentioned anywhere in the article that the society must be educated in t erms of eliminating the victimization of the women due to the domestic violence. It is not possible to screen every woman and make them report to the police against their spouses or intimate partners as they are already victimized and scared. Therefore, the need for educating the society lies there. References: Alaggia, R., Vine, C. (Eds.). (2013).Cruel but not unusual: violence in Canadian families. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. Ben-Natan, M. (2014). Screening by healthcare staff for domestic violence against women in Israel-ethical and legal aspects.Journal of family violence,29(7), 809-813.

Beethoven Symphony No free essay sample

Compositions of the Classical period were simply written for the sake of music. In a sense, Beethoven is the youngest child of the three. Mozart and Haydn do things by the book, while Beethoven breaks the rues and finds his own way. He was the child of Enlightenment and emphasized individualism rather than tradition. This is evident in symphony no. 5 (1 SST movement), which is one of Beethovens most popular works and still heard today. What Beethoven composed is revolutionary and unique. The symphony starts off with a 4-note motive, dad dad dad dada, that many of us can recognize.The motive was even played as a victorious moment through Morse Code in World War II. The most significant characteristic of the opening motif is the rhythm, which has very suspenseful pauses in between. The motive is played by the orchestra playing in unison, which is one reason why this piece is so revolutionary. We will write a custom essay sample on Beethoven Symphony No or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When asked about this very energetic motive present in the beginning of the symphony, Beethoven may have answered that it was Fate knocking at the door This piece exemplifies Beethoven because this C-minor symphony appears to picture the struggle of the individual with fate.There is also a ensue of revolutionary spirit present. During this time, the Napoleonic Wars were raging, political turmoil was present in Austria, and Vienna was occupied by Napoleon. People wanted to be free from dictatorship as they experienced a universal struggle. They were all longing for a breakthrough, a human release. The people of this time wanted to do things differently by breaking rules and finding their own identity. This is what Beethoven does in symphony no. 5. He composed in a very deliberate way, resulting in music that connects and touches very well with people.Beethoven was fascinated tit human emotions and successfully portrayed this in his symphonies. People found value in his music, while Beethoven struggled to find a sense of value in himself. Perhaps the fate knocking at the door had to do with his personal life. Fate struck Beethoven most cruelly in his early ass when he acknowledged the fact of his deafness and began the long process of coming to terms with a of musical disability and a social one (it did not interfere with his ability to compose) His standing as a pianist with excellent connections at court was seriously threatened, as well as his relationships with friends and women.His injections with court is crucial to him, because in terms of his career, Beethoven earned his money through publications and public performances, but depended on patrons in which he gave private performances and copies of his work which they commissioned for extra money. The famous opening catches everyones ears because of its intensity. It is present with struggle and despair. The movement is played in a sonata- allegro form.Beethoven may have felt sorry for himself, but there is a sense of triumph expressed in the conclusion of the Fifth Symphony (4th movement). Beethoven is coming back from defeat and basically giving an attitude of, l told you so in regards to the fate knocking at the door. His struggles included thoughts of suicide, but He triumphs over his struggles and low points of his life with feelings of hope rather than despair. There are many musical elements present in the 1 SST movement. The use Of dynamics during the first movement is absolutely amazing. Beethoven works with the loudness and softness of sound by using different types of instruments and also their volume, making it the perfect combination of instruments. The dynamics are very important because there are a lot of crescendos and decrescendos in the piece. Beethoven starts this piece with repeated basic motives. We then hear two themes. The first theme is an overlap of the motives by the violins and violas.The opening ends with a strong cadence and a general pause. It is very intense and suspenseful. The opening motive is played by the entire orchestra in unison. The motive is heard in descending form and then ascending form, which leads to a dramatic climax, with the sound of horns being present. The second theme begins with a gentle, lyrical phrase accompanied by the motive in low strings. The phrase is played in turn by violins, clarinet, and flute. At the peak of the lima in the second theme, a strong closing theme emerges in the violins.

It is Easy to Create a Good Admission Essay if You Know General Rules

It is Easy to Create a Good Admission Essay if You Know General Rules Students who are going to enter the higher educational establishments are bothered by lots of questions. How to get to the college of their dream? Is the high score rating enough? How important is your application? The issue with score rating is quite clear while the question of an application essay is a controversial one. You can find various opinions concerning it on the Internet. Some students are sure that this essay has no matter while others claim it plays the biggest role and strictly influences the decision of a committee. So, what`s right here? An admission essay, as well as score rating is equally important. Still, examiners pay special attention to your admission essay. For instance, when they decide which student to take, they pay much attention to what you have written. The main thing for you is to take the writing of an application essay seriously. You are to write it carefully, taking into consideration all the nuances and details. Sometimes it can be difficult to create something special from the first try. So, you may look for some useful tips, which will provide you with some writing tricks. We have prepared for you some useful information to look through before sitting down to your application essay writing. How does an effective admission essay look like? Presenting your real self to the college committee is an important feature of a good application essay. You shouldn`t imagine how they want you to look like but you are to be honest. You shouldn`t insert all the good features to create an ideal person in your essay. Be yourself, this attracts. An admission essay is aimed at presenting a real person to them, not an imaginary one. Remember this while working on your essay. Moreover, when you are done, ask your friends, teachers or relatives to read your application essay and check whether the information there describes certainly you. Colleges aren`t looking for ideal students. They want students who are unique, who can treat themselves in an appropriate way and have skills that fit the studying requirements. There`s no reason to add some features, skills that you don`t own. Let`s look through the information you should whether include or avoid in your admission essay. Writing a good application essay Take a separate sheet of paper and write down all your skills, knowledge and features. Look through them carefully and make out which of them you would like the committee to know about you. If you are funny, smart, if you are fond of sports or music, then include this into your admission essay. You should feel what to tell the committee. Highlight the things you would tell them in real life conversation.There`s no need to tell the whole story of your life. Pick up the moments, which have influenced your personal growth, the development of your skills, which helped you to realize some important principals in your life. You are to be brief and specific here. Choose the events, which influenced you the most and this is important for your studying.Sometimes you can get stuck with essay writing. It`s ok, you don`t need to force yourself. If nothing comes up to your mind, then interview your parents or friends concerning your features. You can ask them to describe you with adjectives only. This will give you the entire image of your personality. Take enough time to think on your essay and guide your ideas in an appropriate way.There can be no doubt about using clichà ©s, curse words and slang in your admission essay. If these words are included, then you are most likely to be rejected immediately. Try to sound natural and simple, using everyday conversational tone.If there are people who play an important role in your life and influence your development, then you can include some information in your application essay. But it`s you who should take the central position. Contain the information about someone else in one paragraph maximum. You can write a good application essay if you pull yourself together and follow your dream to enter the higher education establishment.

Mona Liza Essays

Mona Liza Essays Mona Liza Essay Mona Liza Essay Monaliza Depina ENG Basic Composition Instructor: Carol Pepoli Essay 2 Environment Moving away from my family and friends was not easy for me. The day I moved away a lot of things were going through my mind. As I took the last look at home I remember the good and bad times that I had with my family and friends, at the time my main worry was if I would adjust to the environment and I was trying to be strong and hold my tears. Moving away was an experience that change my life as a person, it tough me how to deal with change and to adjust to a new environment. When I arrived to the United States for the first time, I stepped into a completely different environment and that was when my life started to change. I had difficulty in learning the language and adjusting myself in the new environment also I had complications and challenges at first day of school but With an inspiration and hope, I made an effort to succeed. I tried desperately to prove to my self that I can overcome the language barrier, and that I too am capable of succeeding in the new environment just like the who people came before me . So I spent countless hours studying in the library, trying to improve on my English knew soon enough, my hard work resulted in success. Though my parents decision to move to America placed me in an unfamiliar environment that stifled me from success, it also gave me a chance to grow into a more versatile person, ready to succeed in any environment. I learned how to deal with changes, It took a long time for me accept the changes. My main worry was to face the change of culture. Adjusting to a different culture can be difficult for just about anyone. What is necessary for one to feel at home in a new culture and many steps can be taken to help with differences also    many cultural barriers must be addressed before a person can feel at home with a new culture. I begin to realize is that it’s a whole new world out there and in order to survive i have to get accustomed to the new way of life which is much different from my lives before. Adjust to a new environment and become comfortable can be scared at the unfamiliar surround. What scared me the most was no having complete lacking of knowledge of the English language I failed to understand any given lessons in school or communicate with any of the students in class, that is when I realize that for me to succeed I have to face everything in a new environment. I started to adjust using clothing required participated in club so can improve my English making new friends and I stated to get excited to experience new things. I also realized that Ive proven to myself that I can achieve something no one never thought I could and its going to help me succeed in the future despite unfamiliar circumstances. Leaving ones motherland for a new country where a different language and culture was not easy however, I had never realized how hard it was to adjust to a new cultural and language environment until I immigrated to the United States.